i. Technical meaning of Compilation:

Compiling and arranging anything in the book form is called 'Tadween'.

ii. Tadween-e-Quran (Compilation of Quran):

Tadween-e-Quran means to compile Holy Quran in book form and arrange it.

There are three periods of compilation of Quran:

i. Age of Prophet.

ii. Age of Hazrat Abu Bakar (Siddique Age).

iii. Age of Hazrt Usman(Usmani Age).

iii. Age of Prophet's

During his time the Holy Prophet nominated the scribes who used to write Quran regularly. Abdullah Bin Ibi sreh was the first person among The Quraish of Makka who had an honor to write the Holy Quran. Besides, the four righteous caliphs, Hazrat Zubair, Hazrat abdullah Bin Arqam, Hazrat Sharjeel, Hazrat Abdullah Bin Rawah, Hazrat Ubbi Bin Ka'ab, Hazrat Muawiah Bin Abi Sufyan and Harat Zaid Bin Thabit are particularly eminent. The scribes of wahee were almost forty. During the age of Holy Prophet, the Holy Quran was written on palm leaves, bones of camel's shoulders, skins of animals and stone slabs. Whole Quran had been brought in written form during the life time of Holy Prophet but it was not collected at one place. As Allama Ibn Hijr Asqalani has said, "Whole Quran was written during age of the Holy Prophet but it was not collected at one place."

iv. Siddiqui Age:

In second phase of writing the holy Quran, which started during the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Baker, Quran was collected in form of a mushaf and a volume and this copy got steps of an official copy of Quran. How and why it happened, its detail is given below:

v.  War of Yamama:

War of Yamama was fought during the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Baker at place of Yamama against false Prophet Musailma Kazab, In this war, almost 70 Hufaz of Quran got martyred. Hazrat Umer became upset on seeing this condition, he went to Hazrat Abu Baker and said: "If Hufaz of Quran would keep on getting martyr during wars, then there is danger that most of the Quran would be lost. Therefore, compile Quran in the form of a book. Hazrat Abu Baker Siddique said:

كَيْفَ أَفْعَلُ شَيْءٍ لَمْ يَفْعَلُهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلّم؟

Translation: How can I do a task which the Holy Prophet has not done?

Hazrat Umer said that it was a good task and he insisted on it. Hazrat Abu Baker says:

حَتَّى شَرَحَ اللهُ لِذلِكَ صَدْرِي، وَرَأَيْتُ الَّذِى رَأَى عُمَرُ

.

Translation: Allah opened my heart for this task and I agreed to Hazrat Umer.

vi. Appointment of Hazrat Zaid Bin Thabit :

Hazrat Abu Baker called Qari and Hafiz of Quran Hazrat Zaid Bin Thabit and assigned him the task of collecting and compiling the holy Quran. Hazrat Zaid expresses:

فَوَ اللَّهِ لَوْ كَلَفَنِي نَقَلَ جَبَلٍ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ مَا كَانَ أَثْقَلَ عَلَى مِمَّا أَمَرَنِي بِهِ مِنْ جَمْعِ الْقُرْآنِ

.

Translation: By Allah! If they had given the task of moving a mountain, that would have been easier to me than collecting Quran.

Hazrat Zaid performed this task with great honesty and hard work and Quran was compiled in form of a book. Then this copy of Quran remained with Hazrat Abu Baker during his caliphate. After his death, it was taken in custody of Hazrat Umer After the death of Hazrat Umer, it remained with Hazrat Hafsa.

vii. Usimani Age

During the time of Hazrat Usman, the circle of Islam spread greatly. Many non-Arabs entered into the fold of Islam. They were not much aware of Arabic language so some differences about the accent of the recitation started to appear. It's detail is given in sahi Bukhari as following:

Hazrat Huzaifa Bin Yaman participated in the war of Armenia. He observed there that people differed in recitation of Quran. He became upset on observing this situation. He went to Usman and requested:

ادْرِكْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْتَلِفُوا فِي الْكِتَابِ اخْتِلَافَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى

Translation: Take care of this Ummah, (I am afraid) it may start contradicting to each other in the book of Allah like Jews and Christians.

Then he narrated the whole incident of Armenia.

viii. Re-appointment of Hazrat Zaid Bin Thabit:

A committee was established again in the supervision of Hazrat Zaid Bin Thabit and it prepared seven more copies from the Master copy kept with Hazrat Hafsa and these seven copies were sent to the capitals of Islamic state provinces. All people were directed to recite Holy Quran according to Qirat of Quraish. Due to this service, Hazrat Usman is regarded as "Jame-ulQuran".

ix. Punctuation:

Arabs used to recite Quran without punctuation marks. Non Arabs found it difficult to recite in this manner. Therefore, HajjajBin Yusuf during his time had punctuation marks done on Holy Quran, so that non Arabs could easily recite Quran. 

x. Last Hajj of Holy Prophet:

Our dear Prophet performed his last Hajj during 10th Hijri, which is called Hijjatul Wida. His task of prophet hood was completed within 23 years. He completed shariah and deen. He practically established an Islamic state and fulfilled the right of guidance for Muslims. He gave his last sermon during this Hajj at the plane of Arafat This address is consisted of vital commandments and pieces of advice. He addressed a large number of his companions and said:

Be ware! Have I preached you all commandments of deen? They all replied:

قَالُوا نعم قد بَلَّغْتَ الرِّسَالَةَ وَادَّيْتَ الْأَمَانَةَ وَنَصَحْتَ الْأُمَّةَ

Translation: They said, (of course) yes, you have conveyed the message, fulfilled the trust and advised Ummah.

Holy Prophet's reflected that he was going to leave the world after completing his task. Therefore, he addressed so large number of people for the last time. After that, wahee was revealed to Allah's messenger, in which there was an announcement of completion of deen.

اليوم المَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَالمَتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينَاء الامة )

Translation: This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed my favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion.

Shortly after revelation of this verse, the Holy Prophet left this world. Before his death, dear Prophet advised particularly his- Ummah about Quran that "I am leaving it among you, hold it firmly." Therefore, it is mandatory for all Muslims to act upon its teachings besides respecting this last book.

xi. Address of Hijja Tul Wida:

Hazrat Muhammad performed a Hajj during his life which is called Hijjatual Wida. The address which Holy Prophet delivered in Arafat during this Hajj is called Hijjatual Wida. This sermon was delivered on 9th Zilhajj, 10th Hijri. Almost, one hundred and twenty five thousand companions of the holy prophet pbuh, were present there. This address is the nutshell of Islamic teachings and the greatest charter of humanity. The points of this address are given below..

xii. Important points of the address:

News of his death:

Hazrat Muhammad after praising Allah, pointed towards his departure form the world.

أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي لَا أَ رَانِي وَإِيَّاكُمْ نَجْتَمِعُ فِي هَذَا الْمَجْلِسِ اَبَدًا

Translation: 0 people, I think I and you will not be together again in such a gathering.

xiii. Protection of lives, wealth and honor:

Allah's prophet said while mentioning safeguarding of lives, wealth and honor.

Translation: Indeed! Your blood your wealth and your honor are respected on each of you as you respect this day, this city and this month.

xiv. Customs of the period of ignorance :

He announced the elimination of all customs of the age of ignorance and expressed that all customs of ignorance are under my feet. Allah messenger said:

الا إِنَّ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ تَحْتَ قَدَمَى مَوْضُوء

Translation: Be Ware! All customs of ignorance are under 'my feet. Accountability:

Our dear Prophet reminded about accountability of all deeds:

وَسَتَلْقُونَ رَبَّكُمْ ، فَسَيَسْأَلُكُمْ عَنْ أَعْمَالِكُمْ.

Translation: You will soon meet your lord and he will question you about your deeds.

xv. Advice on steadfastness towards Islam:

He advised to be steadfast in Islam and said:

الا فَلا تَرْجِعُوا بعدى ضلال لا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُم رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ 0

Translation: Do not go astray after me so you start cutting each others throats:

xvi. End of racial pride:

Allah has removed from you the ignorance of the age of darkness and the pride of ancestors.

كُلُكُمْ مِنْ آدَمَ وَادَمُ مِنْ تُرَابِ 0

Translation: You all are offspring's of Adam and Adam was created form dust.

xvii. Human Equality:

Holy Prophet said about equality: ·

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ وَاحِدٌ، وَإِنَّ أَبَا كُم وَاحِدٌ أَلا لا فَضْلَ لِعَرَبِي عَلَى عَجَبِي، وَلَا لِعَجَنِي عَلَى عَرَبِي، وَلَا الأحمر عَلَى أَسْوَدَ، وَلَا لِأَسْوَدَ عَلَى أَحْمَرَ إِلَّا بِالتَّقْوَى -

Translation: O people! Your lord is one and your father is one. No Arab over a non Arab and non Arab over an Arab, a red over black and black over a'red (man) has any priority except righteousness.

xviii. Returning Trusts:

He said about returning trusts:

Translation: So, if anyone has trusts (of others), he should return trusts to those who own them.

xix. Prohibition of interest:

Allah has decided that system of interest will not prevail. All interests of the age of ignorance have been nullified and I waive off first of all interest of my family which Abbas Bin Muthalib has to secure, that all is finished.

وَرِبَا الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مَوضُوء، وَأَوَّلُ رِيَا أَضَعُ رِبَانًا رَبَا عَباسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ا

Translation: All interests of the age of ignorance are eliminated. First of all, I finish the interest of my uncle Abbas Bin Muthalib.

xx. Bloods of ignorance:

All blood (revenge) of ignorance are debarred. First of all, I forgive the blood of Rabeea Bin Harris."

"Qasas and Deet":

The punishment of killing is killing and penalty of killing someone unwillingly (deet) is hundred camels.

Rights of slaves:Your slaves are your brothers, what you wear, let them wear the same what you eat, feed them with same.

Rights of women:Fear Allah in the matter of women you have right on women and they have right on you and nourishing women is your responsibility.

Allah commands:

Translation: Fear Allah in the matter of women.

فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ فِي النِّسَاءِ

xxi. Lesson of Brotherhood:

Every Muslim is the brother of another Muslim and it is not allowed for a person to take any belonging of his brother without his permission. So, you do not do wrong to each other. :

xxii. Advice of holding Allah's book and Prophet's Sunnah Firmly:

O people! I am leaving behind two things among you. If you would hold them firmly, you wouldn't go astray. These are Quran, Allah's book and my sunnah. Characteristics of the Holy Quran:

There are many traits of the Holy Quran, which have made it an everlasting book. All these traits of Quran are difficult to be counted.

xxiii. Book of wisdom:

Quran Kareem is such a factual book that its message and Dawah are full of truth. Its arguments are very solid and strong, Allah, says: .

الرسكيب أحكمت الله تُم فَلَتْ مِنْ لَدُنْ حَكِيمٍ خَبِيره ( عود: 1)

Translation: Alif, Lam, Ra, (This is) a book whose verses are perfected and then presented in detail form (one who is wise and acquainted.

The arguments given in Quran are very strong and lead towards the truth. Therefore, these are free of any contradiction. There is no contradiction in its contents. Allah said in Holy Quran:

وَلَوْ كَانَ مِنْ عِنْدِ غَيْرِ اللهِ لَوَجَدُوا فِيهِ اخْتِلَا فَا كَثِيران (النا .:82 )

Translation: If it had been from (any) other than Allah J, they would have found within it much contradictions..

xxiv. Guarantee of Success:

Guaranteed success to those individuals and nations who believe in it with true hearts and act on its commandments. This book promises them for respects and distinction in this world as well. According to a hadees, Hazrat Umermdescribed in this respects.

Allah will honor many nation's and humiliate many ones due to this book, (sahih Muslim) When Hazrat Umer's life is looked at, his life changed completely due to the effect of this book. That Umer who used to have herd of cattle of his father Khathab and his father often talked to him angrily and he was among mediocre of Quraish in power and determination, he stunned the world with his ability and greatness after accepting Islam and deprived Qaiser and Kisra from their thrones. He established such a state against them which was more powerful then those two governments. He fixed some guiding rules for running government affairs that world is proud of them. He is matchless in piety and righteousness, instead of being the ruler of such a big kingdom.

This is fact that this book raises to honor and greatness to those who are close to it and humiliate those who go against it.

 Iqbal complained about the current degradation and humility of muslims in his famous poem 'Shikwa' in these words:

  "Kiun musalmanon main hay dulat dunya nayyab 

  Teri Qdrat tu hy who jis ki na had hay na hisab

  Tu jo chahey tou uthay' seena e sahra say habab 

  Rahr o dasht,ho saili zada mouj sarab 

  Ta'an aghyiar, hy, surwái hy nadari hy

Kea teray naam pr marny ka ewaz khawari hy"

After that Allama Iqbal started the reason of humiliation of muslims in 'Jawab-e- Shikwa' as:

"Har koi mast may zouq tan tan asani hy

Tum musalman ho yeh andaz e musalmani hy?

Haidri faqr hy na doulat e usmani hy

Tum ko islaaf say kea nisbat rohani hy"

"Wo zamany main muazaz thay musalman ho kr

Aur tum khwar huay tarek-e-Quran ho kr"

In these verses, Allama Iqbal has regarded the only factor of muslims degradation as separation from the Holy Quran. The fact is that if Muslims follow Quran collectively even these days, they could surely get that honor and nobility which they had in the past.

Source of training and purification:

This book has a great quality with regard to training and purification. There is effective purification of man's heart and mind, emotions and desires, priorities and interests, character and trails of a person. A man develops moral qualities in his character and everything directly enters into hearts. As far as it produces humility in heart, it also is helpful in strengthening belief and determination.

Effectiveness of Holy Quran:The holy Quran is the book of Allah, therefore, there is great effectiveness in its recitation. This impact can be known with this verse of the Holy Quran:

لَوْ أَنْزَلْنَا هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى جَبَلٍ لَرَأَيْنَا، خَاشِعَا مُتَصَدِنَا مَنْ خَشْيَةِ اللهِ (ا :21)

Translation: If we had sent down this Quran upon a mountain, you would have seen it humbled and coming apart from fear of Allah.

This is its effe iveness that a believer feels a different sentiment in his heart during its recitation It caus s absorption of Quranic teachings and smoothness of one's relation with Allah J, It comes in a hadees that Allah's messenger used to listen Quran from his companions and he had tears in eyes in that situation.

xxv. Narration of Hazrat Abdullah Bin Masood:

Hazrat Abdullah Bin Massod narrates that once Rasulullah said to him to recite Quran to him, I said, O Rasulullah, should I read Quran to you though it has been revealed to you. The Prophet

said, I like to listen Quran from others. So I started.

reciting surah Nisa, when I recited on this verse:

فكيف إذا حتنَا مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ بِشَهِيدٍ وَجِئْنَا بِكَ عَلَى هَؤُلاء شَهِيدَ الله (النساء:41)

Translation: So how (will it be) when we bring from every nation a witness and We bring you, (O Muhammad) against these (people) as a witness?

Then Allah's Prophet said to stop, when I looked at him, there were tears in his eyes...

xxvi. Feelings of Prophet's companions

When Shabah used to listen the Holy Quran they were in such a state of weeping that Mufassir Ibn-e-Kaseer writes in his tafseer. "They neither cried nor showed any artificial condition to exhibit to others. But they were so distinguished in calmness and respect that no one could equal them in these characteristics. (Tafseer Ibn-e-Kaseer: vol: 4, page: 51).

xxvii. Source of solace:

As a believer's heart strivers while reciting Quran, there is a feeling of satisfaction in his heart too. In other words, softening of body and heart means getting solace which is the consequence of Allah's blessings. It is evident in Quran and hadees that at time of reciting Quran, solace and blessings descend. Therefore, to seek mercy of Allah, it is commanded to listen Quran and hadees with attention and silence at that time, It is saying of Allah

وَإِذَا قُرِئَ الْقُرْآنُ فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَ، وَانْصِتُوا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ» (اعراف : 204)

Translation: So when the Quran is recited then listen to pay attention that you may receive mercy.

xxviii. Style of speech in Holy Quran:

The way of speech and address of Holy Quran is so beautiful and attractive, when it is read, everyone becomes attentive to listen it. It has great effectiveness, it goes straight to heart, and there are vast layers of meanings in its small statements. Therefore, Mufasereen spent their whole lives in its interpretations and this process continued. Its way of addressing is entirely different from other books of this world. It addresses directly to man and calls him to straight path. This book is free of all errors and flaws.

Muslims have been reciting it very frequently since beginning. It is the proof that this is true word of Allah and no amendment is possible in it.